Question 1

James has been told by his mother that if he cracks his knuckles,he will develop arthritis as an adult.James decides to try to look up the information to determine if this statement is true.He is engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)   critical thinking
B)   the empirical approach
C)   structuralism
D)   cognitive psychologyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Edward Titchener used the method of introspection to identify

Accepted Answer

A)   inherited traits.
B)   maladaptive behaviors.
C)   unconscious motives.
D)   sensory experiences.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Why might so many people believe the commonly accepted idea that roaches could survive a nuclear bomb?

Accepted Answer

A)   false news
B)   repetition
C)   availability of powerful examples
D)   group identityE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Dr.Tate is an excellent professor.She is curious,humble,and skeptical.These are all characteristics of

Accepted Answer

A)   having a scientific attitude.
B)   using the scientific method.
C)   forming a theory.
D)   testing a hypothesis.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Ali insists that intellectual capacities are genetically influenced;Claire argues that intelligence is developed through educational experiences.Ali and Claire have differing perspectives on intelligence that

Accepted Answer

A)   complement each other.
B)   are impossible to test scientifically.
C)   illustrate the distinction between behavior and mental processes.
D)   illustrate the conflict between psychology and psychiatry.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

If university graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates,this would indicate that level of education and income are

Accepted Answer

A)   positively correlated.
B)   independent variables.
C)   dependent variables.
D)   negatively correlated.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Who developed the first psychological laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Wundt
B)   Plato
C)   Freud
D)   JamesE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Which research method waned in popularity because its results varied when the technique was used by different people?

Accepted Answer

A)   empiricism
B)   introspection
C)   behavior genetics
D)   critical thinkingE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Slender women are considered especially beautiful in one country;in another country,stout women are seen as particularly attractive.In both countries,however,women perceived as very beautiful receive preferential treatment.This best illustrates that ________ often underlie cultural differences.

Accepted Answer

A)   common psychological processes
B)   gender differences
C)   unconscious preferences
D)   genetic dissimilaritiesE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding and the other half an opposite finding is an easy way to demonstrate the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   the placebo effect.
B)   confounding variables.
C)   hindsight bias.
D)   the double-blind procedure.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

In conducting a survey,researchers select a sample of research participants who represent the ________ being studied.

Accepted Answer

A)   control condition
B)   population
C)   case study
D)   independent variableE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)   personality psychology
B)   biological psychology
C)   clinical psychology
D)   developmental psychologyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral
B)   cognitive
C)   evolutionary
D)   psychodynamicE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

An integrated explanation of human behavior provided by the neuroscience,cognitive,social-cultural,and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by

Accepted Answer

A)   structuralism.
B)   behaviorism.
C)   the psychodynamic perspective.
D)   a biopsychosocial approach.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is a limitation of correlational research?

Accepted Answer

A)   single cases may be misleading
B)   cause and effect cannot be determined
C)   lack of generalizability
D)   ethical considerationsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

The scientific study of behavior without reference to mental processes was of special interest to

Accepted Answer

A)   Edward Titchener.
B)   William James.
C)   Sigmund Freud.
D)   B.F.Skinner.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

One research team randomly assigned hospitalized premature infants either to formula feedings or to breast-milk feedings.Which research method did they use?

Accepted Answer

A)   case study
B)   experimentation
C)   naturalistic observation
D)   correlational researchE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

The transmission of customs for showing respect to those in positions of authority best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   functionalism.
B)   culture.
C)   introspection.
D)   behavior genetics.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Psychological research indicates that people who are happier and more productive than average are those who develop a habit of

Accepted Answer

A)   overestimating how much they can accomplish.
B)   managing their time to get a full night's sleep.
C)   multitasking and dual processing.
D)   living spontaneously without focusing on long-term goals.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Debates as to whether the excessive use of alcohol is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of

Accepted Answer

A)   nature and nurture.
B)   observation and introspection.
C)   behavior and mental processes.
D)   structuralism and functionalism.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

Which of the following is a limitation of correlational research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Slender women are considered especially beautiful in one country;in another country,stout women are seen as particularly attractive.In both countries,however,women perceived as very beautiful receive preferential treatment.This best illustrates that ________ often underlie cultural differences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scientific study of behavior without reference to mental processes was of special interest to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One research team randomly assigned hospitalized premature infants either to formula feedings or to breast-milk feedings.Which research method did they use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

James has been told by his mother that if he cracks his knuckles,he will develop arthritis as an adult.James decides to try to look up the information to determine if this statement is true.He is engaged in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding and the other half an opposite finding is an easy way to demonstrate the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ali insists that intellectual capacities are genetically influenced;Claire argues that intelligence is developed through educational experiences.Ali and Claire have differing perspectives on intelligence that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychological research indicates that people who are happier and more productive than average are those who develop a habit of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Tate is an excellent professor.She is curious,humble,and skeptical.These are all characteristics of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who developed the first psychological laboratory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An integrated explanation of human behavior provided by the neuroscience,cognitive,social-cultural,and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which research method waned in popularity because its results varied when the technique was used by different people?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The transmission of customs for showing respect to those in positions of authority best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why might so many people believe the commonly accepted idea that roaches could survive a nuclear bomb?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edward Titchener used the method of introspection to identify

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If university graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates,this would indicate that level of education and income are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In conducting a survey,researchers select a sample of research participants who represent the ________ being studied.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Debates as to whether the excessive use of alcohol is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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