Question 1

To identify which of Lucy's brain areas was most active when she talked, neuroscientists gave her a temporarily radioactive form of glucose and a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   hemispherectomy.
B)   PET scan.
C)   EEG.
D)   MRI scan.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

A neural system at the border of the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   sensory cortex.
B)   limbic system.
C)   reticular formation.
D)   peripheral nervous system.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   gene.
B)   myelin sheath.
C)   chromosome.
D)   neurotransmitter.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple sclerosis.
B)   brain plasticity.
C)   auditory hallucinations.
D)   irritability.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to keep you in a steady internal state called

Accepted Answer

A)   plasticity.
B)   lateralization.
C)   homeostasis.
D)   neurogenesis.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

The increasing complexity of animals' behavior is accompanied by an

Accepted Answer

A)   increase in the size of the brainstem.
B)   increase in the depth of the corpus callosum.
C)   increase in the size of the frontal lobes.
D)   increase in the amount of association area.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

The association areas are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)   brainstem.
B)   thalamus.
C)   limbic system.
D)   cerebral cortex.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

In a resting state, the axon is

Accepted Answer

A)   depolarized, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside.
B)   depolarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside.
C)   polarized, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside.
D)   polarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

James Olds and Peter Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothalamus.
B)   cerebellum.
C)   medulla.
D)   amygdala.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the

Accepted Answer

A)   cerebellum.
B)   amygdala.
C)   reticular formation.
D)   hypothalamus.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

About 85 percent of human brain weight comes from the

Accepted Answer

A)   medulla.
B)   cerebrum.
C)   thalamus.
D)   reticular formation.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

Heartbeat, digestion, and other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the

Accepted Answer

A)   voluntary nervous system.
B)   autonomic nervous system.
C)   sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
D)   somatic nervous system.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in

Accepted Answer

A)   children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed.
B)   people paralyzed by a severed spinal cord.
C)   individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
D)   split-brain patients.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   hemispherectomy.
B)   tomography.
C)   heredity.
D)   neurogenesis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Juan and Alonzo are fraternal twin brothers, whereas Jake and Alex are identical twin brothers. The similarities between Jake and Alex with respect to ________ are likely to be greater than the similarities between Juan and Alonzo.

Accepted Answer

A)   extraversion
B)   neuroticism
C)   physical appearance
D)   all of these characteristicsE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

The release of ________ to muscle cell receptors triggers muscle contractions.

Accepted Answer

A)   ACh
B)   serotonin
C)   dopamine
D)   adrenalineE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The myelin sheath that is on some neurons

Accepted Answer

A)   increases the speed of neural transmission.
B)   slows neural transmission.
C)   regulates the release of neurotransmitters.
D)   prevents positive ions from passing through the membrane.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the

Accepted Answer

A)   axon.
B)   synaptic gap.
C)   glial cell.
D)   endocrine glands.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural transmission. This tissue is

Accepted Answer

A)   dopamine.
B)   the myelin sheath.
C)   acetylcholine.
D)   an endorphin.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Mathematical and reasoning capacities are especially likely to be linked with association areas in the

Accepted Answer

A)   parietal lobes.
B)   temporal lobes.
C)   occipital lobes.
D)   frontal lobes.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 2: The Biology of Behavior

Juan and Alonzo are fraternal twin brothers, whereas Jake and Alex are identical twin brothers. The similarities between Jake and Alex with respect to ________ are likely to be greater than the similarities between Juan and Alonzo.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural transmission. This tissue is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The increasing complexity of animals' behavior is accompanied by an

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a resting state, the axon is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

About 85 percent of human brain weight comes from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mathematical and reasoning capacities are especially likely to be linked with association areas in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To excite or inhibit an action potential in a receiving neuron, a neurotransmitter must cross the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to keep you in a steady internal state called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

James Olds and Peter Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To identify which of Lucy's brain areas was most active when she talked, neuroscientists gave her a temporarily radioactive form of glucose and a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The release of ________ to muscle cell receptors triggers muscle contractions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The myelin sheath that is on some neurons

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neural system at the border of the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres is known as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Heartbeat, digestion, and other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The association areas are located in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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