A) allowing production to be shifted from country to country to take advantage of exchange rate fluctuations,energy costs,wage rates,or changes in tariffs and quotas.
B) allowing knowledge gained in one location to be transferred to operations in other countries.
C) shifting workloads from where they are unusually heavy to locations where personnel are underutilized.
D) accelerating product development and enhancing innovation by globally linking and coordinating the scattered R&D departments of a multinational company.
E) All of these choices are correct.
G) A) and E)
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A) maintaining a national (one-country) production base and exporting goods to foreign markets
B) establishing a subsidiary in a foreign market
C) franchising and licensing strategies
D) forming strategic alliances or joint ventures with foreign partners
E) all of these choices are correct.
G) A) and B)
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A) it matches a company's competitive approach to prevailing market and competitive conditions in each country market.
B) each of a company's country strategies is almost totally different from and unrelated to its strategies in other countries.
C) the plants located in different countries can be operated independently of one another,thus promoting greater achievement of scale economies.
D) it avoids host-country ownership requirements,and import quotas.
E) it eliminates the costs and burdens of trying to coordinate the strategic moves undertaken in one country with the moves undertaken in the other countries.
G) A) and C)
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A) being especially well suited to the use of cross-market subsidization.
B) being able to charge lower prices than rivals.
C) enabling a company to achieve competitive advantage quickly and easily.
D) being able to leverage the company's technical know-how or patents without committing significant additional resources to markets that are unfamiliar,politically volatile,economically uncertain,or otherwise risky.
E) being able to achieve higher product quality and better product performance than with an export strategy.
G) None of the above
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A) how to avoid the risks of shifting exchange rates.
B) whether to charge the same price in all country markets.
C) how many foreign firms to license to produce and distribute the company's products.
D) whether to offer a mostly standardized product worldwide or whether to customize the company's offerings in each different country market to match the tastes and preferences of local buyers.
E) whether to pursue a global strategy or an international strategy.
G) A) and D)
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A) there are significant scale economies in performing an activity.
B) the costs of manufacturing or other activities are significantly lower in some geographic locations than in others.
C) there is a steep learning or experience curve associated with performing an activity in a single location (thus making it economical to serve the whole world market from just one or maybe a few locations) .
D) certain locations have superior resources,allow better coordination of related activities,or offer other valuable advantages.
E) All of these choices are correct.
G) A) and D)
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A) pursuing the same basic competitive strategy theme (low-cost,differentiation,best-cost,and focused) in all countries where the firm does business.
B) selling much the same products under the same brand names everywhere and expanding into most,if not all,nations where there is significant buyer demand.
C) integrating and coordinating the company's strategic moves worldwide.
D) utilizing the same competitive capabilities,distribution channels,and marketing approaches worldwide.
E) All of these choices are correct.
G) B) and E)
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A) When the costs of performing certain value chain activities are significantly lower in certain geographic locations than in others
B) When a company has competitively superior patented technology that it can license to foreign partners
C) When there is a steep learning or experience curve associated with performing an activity in a single location
D) When certain locations have superior resources,allow better coordination of related activities,or offer other valuable advantages
E) When there are significant scale economies in performing the activity
G) D) and E)
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A) when high transportation costs make it expensive to operate from central locations.
B) whenever buyer-related activities are best performed in locations close to buyers.
C) when diseconomies of large size exist,thereby making it more economical to perform an activity on a smaller scale in several different locations.
D) when it is desirable to hedge against (1) the risks of fluctuating exchange rates (such risks are greater when activities are concentrated in a single location) ; (2) supply interruptions (due to strikes,mechanical failures,or transportation delays) ; or (3) adverse political developments.
E) All of these choices are correct.
G) C) and E)
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A) producing and marketing a variety of product versions under the same brand name,with each different version being designed specifically to accommodate the needs and preferences of buyers in a particular country.
B) little or no strategy coordination across countries.
C) pursuing the same basic competitive strategy theme (low-cost,differentiation,best-cost,focused) in all countries where the firm does business but giving local managers some latitude to adjust product attributes to better satisfy local buyers and to adjust production,distribution,and marketing to be responsive to local market conditions.
D) selling the company's products under a wide variety of brand names (often one brand for each country or group of neighboring countries) so that buyers in each country market will think they are buying a locally made brand.
E) selling numerous product versions (each customized to buyer tastes in one or more countries and sometimes branded for each country) but opting to only sell direct to buyers at the company's website so as to bypass the costs of establishing networks of wholesale/retail dealers in each country market.
G) C) and E)
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A) When creating an internal start-up is cheaper than making an acquisition
B) When adding new production capacity will adversely impact the supply-demand balance in the local market
C) Having the ability to gain good distribution access
D) Having scale economies to compete against local rivals
E) All of these choices are correct.
G) All of the above
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A) countries with previously planned economies are embracing market or mixed economies.
B) information technology shrinks the importance of geographic distances.
C) ambitious,growth-minded countries race to build global share.
D) lower barriers to international trade.
E) All of these choices are correct.
G) None of the above
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A) is very risky,given fluctuating exchange rates and the propensity of foreign governments to impose tariffs on imported goods.
B) is usually defeated by a think global,act global type of strategy.
C) is more appealing the bigger the country-to-country differences in buyer tastes,cultural traditions,and marketing methods.
D) is generally an inferior strategy when one or more foreign competitors is pursuing a global low-cost strategy.
E) can defeat a global strategy if the think local,act local multidomestic strategist concentrates its efforts exclusively in those foreign markets where it has profit sanctuaries.
G) B) and C)
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A) can be an excellent initial strategy to pursue international sales.
B) can be a competitively successful strategy when a company is focusing on vacant market niches in each foreign country.
C) works well when a firm does not have the financial resources to employ cross-market subsidization.
D) is usually a weak strategy when competitors are pursuing multicountry strategies.
E) can be a powerful strategy because the company is not vulnerable to fluctuating exchange rates.
G) B) and D)
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