Question 1

The_______ of the geologic time scale occurs within the time of Earth's most recent "Ice Age."

Accepted Answer

A)   Proterozoic Eon
B)   Pleistocene Epoch
C)   Pliocene Epoch
D)   Permian PeriodE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

When glaciers suddenly move forward they are said to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   calve
B)   purge
C)   lunge
D)   surgeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier?

Accepted Answer

A)   the snout zone
B)   the basal, sliding zone
C)   the surface, brittle zone
D)   the internal, flowage zoneE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

_________is a gently rolling sheet of till with an irregular surface deposited under the weight of a glacier.

Accepted Answer

A)   Terminal moraine
B)   Kame sheet
C)   Outwash blanket
D)   Ground moraineE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

The bottom or downward tip of a crevasse marks the _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   boundary between parts of the glacier moving by basal sliding and crevassal slip
B)   boundary between the basal sliding and external flowage zones
C)   top of the internal deformation and flowage zone, and the base of the brittle zone of fracture
D)   bottom of the basal sliding zoneE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

The ________is not the name of a Pleistocene glacial episode in North America.

Accepted Answer

A)   Nebraskan
B)   Kansan
C)   Manitoban
D)   IllinoianE) A) and D)
F) B) and D) C

Question 7

How much of Earths land surface is currently covered by glacial ice?

Accepted Answer

A)   25%
B)   10%
C)   45%
D)   <1%E) C) and D)
F) B) and D) B

Question 8

________is one of the three ways a glacier can move over its bed.

Accepted Answer

A)   Basal slip
B)   Frost heaving
C)   Morainal sliding
D)   Crevassal slipE) All of the above
F) None of the above A

Question 9

Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends its terminus downslope)  over a span of many years?

Accepted Answer

A)   wastage exceeds accumulation
B)   the glacier experiences no accumulation or wastage
C)   accumulation and wastage are about equal; the older ice moves farther
D)   accumulation exceeds wastageE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Which one of the following could not have significantly affected climatic variations, and advances and retreats of ice sheets, during the Pleistocene Epoch?

Accepted Answer

A)   gradual movements of Earth's tectonic plates
B)   cyclic precession of Earth's orbit
C)   episodic variations in the Sun's energy output
D)   periodic wobbling of Earth's rotational axisE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which one of the following prominent features were significantly larger than at present day during the Pleistocene glacial episodes?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Great Lakes and Lake Agassiz
B)   terminal moraines of continental ice sheets that moved south from Canada
C)   horns, arêtes, and cirques produced by alpine glaciation
D)   subaerial fan deltas covering more extensive coastal plainsE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

A cirque is made of__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   sand and gravel
B)   mud
C)   till
D)   rockE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The main direct geologic effect(s)  of glaciers is (are)  to___________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   erode the continental landscape and to transport and deposit sediments
B)   raise global sea level by depressing the crust
C)   reduce high latitude marine sedimentation by reducing biologic productivity
D)   warm the global climate by absorbing more solar radiationE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?

Accepted Answer

A)   salinization
B)   kaming
C)   calving
D)   surgingE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

What does it mean when the terminus of a glacier has been stationary for several years?

Accepted Answer

A)   The glacier is still frozen but has quit moving.
B)   The local glacial budget is in equilibrium.
C)   The glacier is storing up energy preparing to surge forward.
D)   Global warming has ceased.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

An ice contact deposit is classified by its_________.

Accepted Answer

A)   grain size
B)   internal stratification
C)   age
D)   shapeE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

__________are both deposited by meltwater streams.

Accepted Answer

A)   Terminal moraines and cirques
B)   Recessional kettles and erratics
C)   Outwash plains and valley trains
D)   Valley moraines and ice sheet trainsE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

An ice carved, asymmetrical bedrock knob with the steep side downhill is called a__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   drumlin
B)   nunatak
C)   kame
D)   roche moutonnéeE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

What was the most far reaching effect of the Ice Age on the world's oceans?

Accepted Answer

A)   It was too cold for phytoplankton to live in the seas.
B)   Global sea levels dropped about 100 metres.
C)   The seas got about - 7° C cooler on average over the whole planet.
D)   The seas got much less saline because of all the melting icebergs.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Which one of the following statements concerning glacial deposits is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Till is deposited directly from the ice; outwash is deposited by meltwater streams.
B)   Tills are poorly sorted and their fragments are mostly angular.
C)   Glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move.
D)   Outwash is mainly stratified sand and gravel.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 9: Crustal Deformation

The_______ of the geologic time scale occurs within the time of Earth's most recent "Ice Age."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When glaciers suddenly move forward they are said to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_________is a gently rolling sheet of till with an irregular surface deposited under the weight of a glacier.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bottom or downward tip of a crevasse marks the _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________is not the name of a Pleistocene glacial episode in North America.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

How much of Earths land surface is currently covered by glacial ice?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

________is one of the three ways a glacier can move over its bed.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends its terminus downslope) over a span of many years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following could not have significantly affected climatic variations, and advances and retreats of ice sheets, during the Pleistocene Epoch?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following prominent features were significantly larger than at present day during the Pleistocene glacial episodes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A cirque is made of__________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main direct geologic effect(s) of glaciers is (are) to___________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does it mean when the terminus of a glacier has been stationary for several years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ice contact deposit is classified by its_________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________are both deposited by meltwater streams.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ice carved, asymmetrical bedrock knob with the steep side downhill is called a__________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the most far reaching effect of the Ice Age on the world's oceans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements concerning glacial deposits is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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