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In an ECG pattern,the P wave is caused by


A) repolarization of the atrial muscle fibers.
B) repolarization of the ventricular muscle fibers.
C) depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
D) depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
E) none of the above.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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All venous blood returns to the heart through the superior or inferior vena cava.

A) True
B) False

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The parietal pericardium is the innermost layer that covers the surface of the heart.

A) True
B) False

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This artery has branches called the gastric,hepatic and splenic arteries.


A) celiac
B) inferior
C) vena cava
D) inferior mesenteric
E) superior mesenteric

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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This layer of a blood vessel wall is made of connective tissue and attaches the vessel to surrounding tissues.


A) epithelium
B) tunica interna
C) tunica media
D) tunica externa
E) smooth muscle

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The oxygen-rich vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood are the cardiac veins.

A) True
B) False

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During ventricular contraction,what statement is true?


A) The atrioventricular valves are open.
B) The atrioventricular valves are closed.
C) The aortic valve is closed.
D) The pulmonary valve is closed.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Because capillary blood pressure in the arteriolar ends of capillaries is higher than the osmotic pressure,


A) more fluid flows into the capillaries than moves out.
B) the lymphatic vessels push fluid into the capillaries.
C) the pressure in the venules increases.
D) more fluid leaves the capillaries than returns.
E) more fluid flows into the venules.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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This layer of the heart wall is mostly cardiac muscle tissue.


A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) pericardium

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Relaxation of the heart is called ________.


A) systole
B) diastole

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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A mass of interconnected cardiac muscle cells that act as a group constitutes a(an)________.

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functional...

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Contraction of the heart is called _________.


A) systole
B) diastole

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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The Frank-Starling law of the heart holds that the


A) greater the length of myocardial fibers,the greater the force with which they contract.
B) lesser the length of myocardial fibers,the greater the force with which they contract.
C) lesser the blood volume,the greater the force of ventricular contraction.
D) lesser the blood viscosity,the lesser the force of ventricular contraction.
E) greater the peripheral resistance,the lesser the ventricular contraction.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Plasma proteins in blood capillaries help to


A) maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood.
B) decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood.
C) maintain the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
D) decrease the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
E) decrease the barometric pressure of the blood.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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The top of the heart is called the base,and the pointed bottom of the heart is called the apex.

A) True
B) False

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The correct sequence of structures of the cardiac conduction system is


A) AV node,SA node,Purkinje fibers,AV bundle.
B) AV node,AV bundle,Purkinje fibers,SA node.
C) SA node,Purkinje fibers,AV node,AV bundle.
D) SA node,AV node,AV bundle,Purkinje fibers.
E) Purkinje fibers,SA node,AV node,AV bundle.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Venous pathways commonly connect in irregular networks and may have many unnamed tributaries.

A) True
B) False

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The tunica media is thickest in this type of blood vessels.


A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arterioles
E) venules

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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